In verses 1-11: God's wrath against religious people.
The language shifts to direct address, from they and them in 1.18-32 to you.
Whoever you are (vv. 1, 3), literally, "O man," is an open-ended charge against religious people who do the very things they condemn in others.
Such people think God's kindness gives them slack rather than reason to change their lives (repentance, v. 4).
Like those whom they condemn (1.18), they too will experience God's wrath and fury (v. 8; see 5.9; 12.9).
Day of wrath, see Zeph 1.14-16; Rev 6.17.
At the final judgment, God will render impartial judgment.
V. 6 quotes Ps 62.12; see Prov 24.12.
Good and evil cut across ethic lines (vv. 9-10).
In verses 12-16: Doing what the law requires.
In verse 12: Experiencing the harsh effects of sin and developing a sense of moral accountability before God do not derive exclusively from the law of Moses.
This is something all people experience, both gentiles who live apart from the law and Jews who live under the law.
In verse 16: The day of judgment, 2 Cor 1.14; Phil 1.6, 10.
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