In 5.1-23: Moses and Aaron confront Pharaoh for the first time.
In verse 2: Pharaoh's words, I do not know the Lord, introduce a major theme of knowing the Lord, which plays a role throughout this section of exodus (7.5, 17; 8.109.14; 14.18).
In verse 3: The threat of pestilence or sword point directly tot he plagues that will begin soon.
In verse 5: The claim that the number of Israelites exceeds that of the Egyptians is probably an exaggeration of a paranoid Pharaoh (1.9).
The need to stop working in order to worship the Lord will be become a defining practice. of the Israelite community with the commandment concerning the sabbath (20.8-11; Deut 5.12-15).
In verse 21: Bad odor with Pharaoh foreshadows the bad odors that will accompany the first two plagues (7.21;8.13-14).
In verses 22-23: This is another example of Moses' boldness to speak words of resistance, correction, or complaint to God (chs. 3-4; 32.11-14; 33.12-23).
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