In 8.22-35: Israel offers Gideon heredity rule.
In verse 23: The Lord will rule over you expresses the traditional notion that choosing human kings violates the Lord's kingship (1 Sam 8.7).
In verse 24: Ishmaelites were similar in culture to the Midianites, but these were distinct nationalities (Gen 16; 25.1-4).
In verse 27: Ephod usually describes a priestly vestment, which could be used for divination.
Perhaps this gold ephod was used to robe an idol.
In verse 31: A concubine was a subordinate wife with lower legal status.
In verse 33: Baal-berith (Baal of the Covenant; 9.4) was a god worshiped in Shechem, probably the same as El-berith (9.46).
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