In verses 13-32: Paul speaks to gentiles.
The previous discussion has been an ongoing conversation with Israel about Israel.
In verses 13-16: Effect of Paul's ministry on Israel.
In verse 13: Apostle to the Gentiles: Paul so defines himself (1.5; Gal 2.8).
In verse 14: Provoking Israel to jealousy fulfills Deut 32.2 (10.19).
In verse 15: Israel's rejection can become the occasion for universal reconciliation.
Israel's acceptance would show God's creative power (4.17).
In verse 16: Both images emphasize the solidarity between Israel and the gentiles.
In verses 17-24: Lessons from the olive tree.
In verse 17 Gentiles are the wild olive shoot, Israel the root.
In verse 18: Jews earlier, now gentiles are for bidden to boast (2.17-21.
In verse 20: Unbelief is refusal to acknowledge Jesus as messiah.
In verse 21: Both, Jews and gentiles can experience God's wrath (2.9-10).
In verse 22; Kindness and severity represent God's two sides (9.22-24).
In verse 23: Of Israel is an acceptable expansion since Israel's unbelief is clearly in view.
In verse 24: Paul holds out hope for Israel.
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