This genealogy or family tree traces the family line of Jacob's three oldest sons: Reuben (v. 14), Simeon (v. 15), and Levi (vv. 16-25).
The focus is clearly on the descendants of Levi, a family of priests.
The family tree of Levi has two functions: to identify Moses and Aaron as Levites and brothers, and to trace the priestly line through Aaron to his son Eleazar (vv. 23-24) and his grandson Phinehas (v. 25).
Eleazar takes over Aaron's role as high priest in Num 20.22-29.
God commissions Phinehas and his descendants as priests in Num 25.6-13.
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